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Building Blocks

Unusual Building Blocks Peptide Synthesis, Peptidomimetic and Medicinal Chemistry

Spermines, Spemidines and other Biogenic Polyamines Interact with DNA! Polyamines stabilise nucleic acids against chemical and enzymatic degradation, facilitate the formation of secondary and tertiary structures and enhance cellular uptake.

Andrew J. Marsh, David M. Williams and Jane A. Grasby; Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 2004; 2: 2103 – 2112

SNN1070   Spermine(HFFB) * HCl
N4-(t-Butyloxycarbonyl)-N2,N3-bis-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-1,5,10,14-tetra-aza-quatrodecan hydrochloride
C45H54N4O6*HCl, 746,96*36,45 g/mole
 Spermine(HFFB) * HCl

Spermine participates in oxidative damage of guanosine and 8-oxoguanosine leading to deoxyribosylurea formation.

Hosford ME, Muller JG, Burrows CJ; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004; 126: 9540-9541

Structural Analysis of DNA Interactions with Biogenic Polyamines and Cobalt(III)hexamine Studied by Fourier Transform Infrared and Capillary Electrophoresis; Biogenic polyamines, such as putrescine and spermidine are involved in numerous diverse biological processes. Due to their binding to DNA and RNA they play an important role in nucleic acid function and cause DNA condensation and aggregation inducing DNA conformational changes.

Amin Ahmed Ouameur and Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi; J. Biol. Chem. 2004; 279(40): 42041-42054.

Small molecules bind to DNA quadruplexes [d(G3T4G3)]2 and spermine has a stronger affinity for folded DNA quadru-plexes over duplex DNA and linear quadruplexes. Keniry, M. A. Quadruplex structures in nucleic acids.

Biopolymers 2001; 56: 123-146.

N-Benzyl-Amino Acids – A Smart Chiral Pool for High Diversity Chemistry

Building Blocks

References:

Synthesis of protected amino alcohols and aldehydes:
JOC, 1992, p.4470-4474
Tetr., 1997, p.4769-4778
THL, 1998, p.6051-6064
Tetr.Asymm., 2005, p.2771-2777

Synthesis of N-Allyl amino acids and amino alcohol:
Bioorg.Med.Chem., 2003, p.5461-5484
Chem.Commun., 2004, p.1080-1081

Synthesis of unnatural amino acids:
Tetr.Asymm., 2001, p.3319-3324

Synthesis of asymmetric polyamines:
Chem.Commun., 2004, p.1080-1081

Synthesis open chain chiral compounds:
THL, 1998, p.6927-6930
JOC, 1995, p.8074-8080
Bioorg.Med.Chem., 2003, p.5461-5484
Chem.Commun., 2004, p.672-673

Synthesis of α-hydrazino amino acids:
THL, 2002, p.2873-2875
THL, 2005, p.5181-5185

Protected N-Benzyl Amino Acids used for peptide mimetic synthesis:
Chem.Eur.J., 1998, p.1570-1580
J.Pept.Res., 2004, p.29-35

Synthesis of chiral heterocyclic compounds:
JOC, 1995, p.8074-8080
J.Med.Chem., 1997, p.300-312
JACS, 1999, p.8128-8129
J.Med.Chem., 2000, p.236-249
JOC, 2001, p.3538-3547
Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett., 2002, p.1063-1066
JOC, 2003, p.4486-4494
Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett., 2004, p.129-131
THL, 2005, p.5181-5185
Tetr.Asymm., 2005, p.2771-2777
Eur.JOC, 2005, p.907-917
JOC, 2002, p.5085-5097

Allylglycine - A highly versatile Building Block for the Synthesis of Heterocycles and for Peptidomimetic

Building Blocks

References:

Allylglycine, Homoallylglycine
Douat, C., Heitz, A., Martinez, J., Fehrentz, J.-A.; Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 3319-3321.

Pipecolic Acid Derivatives
Lloyd, R. C. et al.; Org. Pro. Res. Dev. 2002, 6, 762.  
Rutjes, F. P. J. T. et al. Chem. Commun. 2000, 699.
van Delft, F. L. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 430.
Ojima, I. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7078.
Ojima, I. et al. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4575.

Addition to the Double Bond
Broxterman, Q. B. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 6286.
Blechert, S. et al. Synlett 2001, 430.
Danion, D. et al. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2000, 177.
Nolen, E. G. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 3383.
Marchand, D., Martinez, J., Cavelier, F.; Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 3107-3112.

Prolines
Robinson, A. J. et al. Tetrahedron: Asym. 2005, 16, 2025.

Heterocycles
Dinsmore, C. J. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 865.
Robl, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 393.
Gallagher, T. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6957.
Lubell, W. B. et al. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2851.
Witulski, B. et al. Chem. Commun. 1999, 1879.

Oxidations
Robins, D. J. et al. Synthesis 1993, 1061.

Epoxides
Guillerm, G. et al. Synth. Commun. 1995, 25, 1061.